Madhu Yadav

Sri Padmavathi Childrens Heart Centre, India

Title: Gut microbiome and probiotics – impact on sepsis management

Abstract

Sepsis, a life-threatening condition resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection, remains a global health concern with high mortality rates. Recent research highlights the pivotal role of the gut microbiome and probiotics in shaping the course of sepsis and influencing patient outcomes.

In sepsis, there is a notable shift in gut microbiome composition, marked by a decrease in commensal bacteria and an increase in pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Concurrently, hypoperfusion and disruption of the mucosal barrier can exacerbate mucosal permeability, facilitating bacterial translocation, and complicating the clinical scenario further.

Emerging evidence suggests that supplemental probiotics hold promise as adjunctive therapy in sepsis management. Probiotics, through mechanisms such as enhanced production of Immunoglobulin A and release of antimicrobial peptides, exert protective effects by modulating gut microbiome composition and bolstering mucosal integrity. Commensal bacteria-derived short-chain fatty acids can increase the bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages and offer protection. By inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and promoting a balanced microbial ecosystem, probiotics offer potential benefits in mitigating sepsis severity and improving patient outcomes. Translocation of bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to the lungs might be a core mechanism of ventilator-associated pneumonia, and altering the gut microbiome through probiotics may decrease its occurrence. Some studies have shown probiotics to have a beneficial role in reducing uremic toxins in chronic kidney disease, but more RCTs are required to establish their definitive role in preventing Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.

Understanding the interplay between the gut microbiome, probiotics, and sepsis pathophysiology presents new insights for therapeutic intervention. Integrating probiotics into sepsis management protocols represents a novel approach to addressing microbial dysbiosis and bolstering host defenses. However, further research is warranted to delineate optimal probiotic strains, dosing regimens, and patient populations to maximize efficacy and safety.

Biography

Madhu Yadav, DA, DNB, DM, MBA, possesses extensive experience in the anesthesia and critical care division, spanning over 16 years. He has worked at various prestigious institutes in India. Currently, he serves as an Associate Professor and in charge of the Anesthesia and Critical Care Division at Sri Padmavathi Children's Heart Centre in Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India. He has 8 international publications and serves as an Editor and Reviewer for the Anesthesia and Critical Care Division of international journals. His area of interest lies in sepsis and critical care.

4th International Conference on Nutrition and Healthcare

Madhu Yadav

Title: Gut microbiome and probiotics – impact on sepsis management

Abstract

Biography

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